One billion is a 1 with nine zeros after it, denoted by 1,000,000,000. A billion is equal to 100 crores as per Indian numbers. However, in some other countries, such as France and Germany, a billion is defined as 1,000,000,000,000, or 10^12. Experts use this large value when they’re measuring something that exceeds millions because a billion is equal to one thousand million. Details. Have ever wondered how many zeroes are in a million? A billion? A trillion? Do you know how many zeros there are in a vigintillion? Somedayyou may need to kn. Many times, Indian leaders are asked “How many zeros are there in trillion?” Here, is the answer:There are 12 zeros in a trillion. Just as there are 1,000 millions in a billion, there are 1,000 billions in a trillion. Short scale vs long scale. How many zeros in a trillion? Flexi Says: The number of zeros in a million, billion and trillion are as follows. A trillion is a 1 with 12 zeros after it, represented as 1,000,000,000,000 or 10¹². Short scale vs long scale. 13 zeros in 10 trillion. This is the so also called short scale. If the same large number is asked to name by grouping, then it is denoted as ‘five hundred quintillion’ (American) or Trillion (European). Short Scale and Long ScaleThe "short scale" used in the US. What does 200 trillion mean? It means 200000000000000, 200,000,000,000,000, 20000000 crores or 2000000000 lakhs for example. There is also a long scale, nowadays used in France, in which a billion means one million million. 1 Million added by 65 Ten = 1,000,650. 1 million = 1000 thousands. If you use the long scale one billion is written with a one. 1,000,000,000,000,000 edit: No it does not. The next named number after trillion is quadrillion, which is a 1 with 15 zeros after it: 1,000,000,000,000,000. Trillion is a number with two distinct definitions: 1,000,000,000,000, i. One billion pennies stacked on top of each other would make a tower almost 870 miles high. In this case, a billion has nine zeros. In this guide, you’ll learn how many zeroes there are in a million, billion, and trillion. 1 Answer. 2 trillion? Answer: 12,000,000,000 hundreds. Thus, we get: Zeros in 1. In the Western system, the next powers of ten are called one hundred thousand, one million, ten million, one hundred million, one billion (short scale)/one thousand million , and so on; in the short scale, there are new words for every third power of ten (10 3n): million (10 6), billion (10 9), trillion (10 12), etc. If you use the long scale one billion is written with a one. But the actual mystery behind it is that the word “google. 13 zeros in 10 trillion. billion: Nine zeroes. 7 trillions, as well as, in any other number written as billions, trillions, etc. To find the number of zeros in 15 million you just need to multiply the number by 1,000,000 to get 15,000,000. Learn How Many Zeros Are in All Numbers, Even GoogolSupport me with Share, Subscribe & Comment :) About This Video: If you have ever wondered what number com. Zillion does has a specified number of zero, but it is said to be infinite. 0 times 10 to the 12th power) There are 12 0's in one trillion. Woah! It is indeed a big amount for everyone around the world. The Riemann zeta function has two kinds of zeros, trivial zeroes (at the negative even integers, −2 − 2, −4 − 4, et c. If you want to write 30 trillion in words, then it will be written as `thirty trillion` Therefore, 30 trillion as a number is 30000000000000 and It has 13 zeros. If you use the long scale one billion is written with a one. novemdecillionths. This is the so also called short scale. We know that one billion has 9 zeros. By counting the number of zeros in 340,000,000 you will find that it has 7 zeros. 11 is the answer to 5. This is the so also called short scale. There are six zeros in a million. In the U. Is there 7 numbers in a million? One million has six zeros (1,000,000). Here we notice that ‘ googol ’ somewhat matches with the term “ Google ”. Million(@$egin{align*}10^6end{align*}@$) - 1,000,000 (6 zeros)To find the number of zeros in 140 million you just need to multiply the number by 1,000,000 to get 140,000,000. The larger the number, the more zeros it has. Quintillion has 18 zeros. or million millions. One million has six zeros (1,000,000). In the United States, as in most countries, a billion corresponds to one thousand million, which is written as a one followed by nine zeros. Short scale vs long scale. The digit zero (0) is important for counting large numbers. How many hundreds in 1. To find the number of zeros in 8 million you just need to multiply the number by 1,000,000 to get 8,000,000. To find the number of zeros in 200 billion you just need to multiply the number by 1,000,000,000 to get 200,000,000,000. 2 trillion? Answer: 120,000,000,000 tens. Simply the Best App to Count Zeros! Please ReTweet. 6 billion you just need to multiply the number by 1,000,000,000 to get 3,600,000,000. Thus, we get: Zeros in 5. This is the so also called short scale. 31 trillion has 12 zeros. We know that one billion has 9 zeros. In the United States, as in most countries, a billion corresponds to one thousand million, which is written as a one followed by nine zeros. This is also called the "short scale. Short scale vs long scale. “ The. 140 → 1,400 → 14,000 → 140,000 → 1,400,000 → 14,000,000 → 140,000,000. Simply the Best App to Count Zeros! Please ReTweet. The short scale is used in the US, while the long scale is still in use in some countries. S. There is no place value in this system - the number III is 3, not 111. There is also a long scale, nowadays used in France, in which a billion means one million million. In this case, a billion has twelve zeros. This is the so also called short scale. How many zeros are in 6 trillion? There are 15 zeros in the number 6,000,000,000,000,000 (6 trillion). The number 1,000,000,000 is one billion, which is also written as {eq}10^9 {/eq}. The term was invented by Milton Sirotta, the 9-year nephew. One million equals 1,000,000, i. Short scale vs long scale. e. 073 Billion KiloBytes in a TerraByte (TB). In the table below, the first column lists the name of the number, the second provides the number of zeros that follow the initial digit, and the third tells. In many short scale countries, milliard was dropped altogether and billion was redefined down to 10 9, adjusting downwards the value of trillion and all the larger numbers. Traditional British usage assigned new names for each power of one million (the long scale ): 1,000,000 = 1 million; 1,000,0002 = 1 billion; 1,000,0003 = 1 trillion; and so on. Details. S. Timeline Have ever wondered how many zeroes are in a million? A billion? A trillion? Do you know how many zeros there are in a vigintillion? Somedayyou may need to kn. The word trillion is very popular in economics sector. 1 trillion consists of 1 followed by 12 zeros, that is, 1, 000, 000,000, 000 and can be written as 1012 (ten to the twelfth power). So how many years are there in 100 trillion seconds?” he said. Name Number of Zeros Groups of (3) Zeros; Million: 6: 2 (1,000,000) Billion: 9: 3 (1,000,000,000). 3,000,000,000In other countries there may be 12 zeros in three billion. Now, as an aside, along with the nearly six trillion miles in the light-year, you might be interested to know that there are nearly five trillion dollars in the current U. There is also a long scale, nowadays used in France, in which a billion means one million million. There is also a long scale, nowadays used in France, in which a billion means one million million. In long scale , there are 18 zeros in a trillion (1 million x 1 million x 1 million), 1,000,000,000,000. 200 billion in figures equals 200000000000, or 200,000,000,000 when written by thousand separators, which makes it easier to count the occurrences of 0. ---- Actually, this is six trillion -> 6,000,000,000,000 so there are actually 12 zeros in 6 trillion. How many zeros are there in 100 Arabs? There are 9 zeros in 100 Arabs 1,000,000,000. , 1 followed by 9 zeros, or 1,000 million is called a billion, while most other countries refer to the same number as 1,000 million, or a "milliard". 000. ]Now, since a dollar bill is 6 inches long, there are almost 2 billion 1 dollar bills in a stretch that covers 186,000 miles - and it would take light 1 second to travel the length of 2 billion. Difference Between Trillion and Billion. It is a known fact that the progression starts from Unit_Tens_Hundreds_Thousand_Ten thouand_Hundred thousand_Million_Billion_Trillion. It is 10,000,000,000,000 or (1 x 1013). By counting the number of zeros in 3,600,000,000 you will find that it has 8 zeros. In the United States, as in most countries, a billion corresponds to one thousand million, which is written as a one followed by nine zeros. It is 10,000,000,000,000 or (1 x 1013). There is also a long scale, nowadays used in France, in which a billion means one million million. How many zeroes are there in a million? Flexi Says: The number of zeros in a million, billion and trillion are as follows. e. We know that one billion has 9 zeros. The short scale is used in the US, while the long scale is still in use in some countries. In the next part of how many zeros in thirty-one trillion, we show you how many 100 and 1000 there are in 31 trillion, and other related information. This is the so also called short scale. Counting the 0s in 5,000,000,000,000 is the easiest way to figure it out. Many times, Indian leaders are asked “How many zeros are there in trillion?” Here, is the answer:In the United States, as in most countries, a billion corresponds to one thousand million, which is written as a one followed by nine zeros. 9. So, it's 1 followed by 21 zeros. What Does Trillion Mean in Math? A trillion is a number which is written as 1 followed by 12 zeroes. Continue reading. To simplify things, a billion has 3 groups of 3 zeros. By counting the number of zeros in 8,000,000,000 you will find that it has 9 zeros. By counting the number of zeros in 300,000 you will find that it has 5 zeros. How many zeros does 350 million have? It has 4 zeroes. To simplify things, a billion has 3 groups of 3 zeros. By counting the number of zeros in 2,000,000,000,000 you will find that it has 12 zeros. There is also a long scale, nowadays used in France, in which a billion means one million million. The same change has been done with a trillion. Short scale vs long scale. One crore=10,000,000100,00,0007. How many billions make a trillion? 1,000,000,000 = 1 billion. 1,000,000,000,000 therefore there are 4 sets of 3 zeros or 12 zeros in a trillion. 10 -57. In a billion, there are 9 zeroes. The following table illustrates the difference between trillion and billion: Trillion. This is the so also called short scale. S. Short scale vs long scale. One year of clock time = (60sec/min) x (60 min/hr) x (24 hr/da) x (365. How Many zeros are there in a Quintillion? There are 18 zeroes in a quintillion. Most importantly, the number of zeros in any number depends on whether you’re using the short scale (more common) or the large scale system. To convert 5 trillion to a billion, for example, use the formula 5 Trillion = 5 1000 or 5000 billion. There are four triple zeros in a trillion that makes the number 12. In the United States, as in most countries, a billion corresponds to one thousand million, which is written as a one followed by nine zeros. A trillion was 1,000,000,000,000,000,000, or the third power of a million. How Many Zeroes are in a Billion? The total number of zeroes in a billion is 9. How many zeros in a UK trillion? there are 12 zeros. There is also a long scale, nowadays used in France, in which a billion means one million million. By counting the number of zeros in 12,000,000 you will find that it has 6 zeros. Its the next step up from quad-trillion. It is 10,000,000,000,000 or (1 x 1013). There is also a long scale, nowadays used in France, in which a billion means one million million. If you use the long scale one billion is written with a one. On the US short scale, there are 13 zeroes in ten trillion. Thus, we get: Zeros in 10 Trillion = 13. The next named number after trillion is quadrillion , which is a 1 with 15 zeros after it: 1,000,000,000,000,000. It helps track these multiples of 10 because the larger the number is, the more zeroes are needed. So, to multiply 12 by one million you just need to add 6 zeros to the right of 12. Also, notice the period placements -. 100 x 100 = 10,000. Answer: 375. Counting the 0s in 10,000,000,000 is the easiest way to figure it out. How many zeroes in a trillion? It depends. This is the so also called short scale. you might be interested to know that there are nearly five trillion dollars in the current U. so there ain’t no gazillion, it’s right up there with zillion, bijillion, and uncountabillion . Thus, we get: Zeros in 100 Trillion = 14. It is read and written in two ways. Short scale vs long scale. Using this calculator you can find how many zeros are in 100 trillions, as well as, in any other number written as billions, trillions, etc. In the United States, as in most countries, a billion corresponds to one thousand million, which is written as a one followed by nine zeros. How many zeros does 400 trillion have? When we count zeros in 400 trillion above, we see that there are 14 zeros. 10002 = 1,000,000 = Million. Trillion. (approximately 9 times). Question : How Many Zeros in a Billion ? Answer : There are 9 zeros in Billion. Everybody deals daily with these numbers. 000. one million million, and on the short scale, we. 073 Billion KiloBytes in a TerraByte (TB). Short scale vs long scale. Trillion↔Billion Calculator. One trillion equals a thousand billions, or million millions. Thus, we get: Zeros in 30 Trillion = 13. So, to multiply 2 by one trillion you just need to add 12 zeros to the right of 2. In the United States, as in most countries, a billion corresponds to one thousand million, which is written as a one followed by nine zeros. How Many Millions are a Quintillion? How Many Zeros in a Billion? A billion is a number with nine zeros at the end. 1 billion trillion = 1 x 1021. Trillion has 12 zeros. If you want to write 17 trillion in words, then it will be written as `seventeen trillion` Therefore, 17 trillion as a number is. A sextillion has 21 zeros. 300 → 3,000 → 30,000 → 300,000. Short scale vs long scale. . You need to write the group of three zeros three times to get the number. How many zeros does 30 trillion have? When we count zeros in 30 trillion above, we see that there are 13 zeros. How much is 1 followed by 100 zeros? A googol is 10 to the 100th power (which is 1 followed by 100 zeros). 4 trillion has how many zeros?On the US short scale, there are 13 zeroes in ten trillion. Short scale vs long scale. There is also a long scale, nowadays used in France, in which a billion means one million million. It is 10,000,000,000,000 or (1 x 1013). (see below)$1,000 is one thousand US dollars. In the next part of how many zeros in four point three trillion, we show you how many 100 and 1000 there are in 4. In the next part of how many zeros in twenty-three trillion, we show you how many 100 and 1000 there are in 23 trillion, and other related information. Click To Tweet How many Zeros in One Trillion? 1 trillion in figures equals 1000000000000, or 1,000,000,000,000 when written by thousand separators, which makes it easier to count the occurrences of 0. Divide the number 1. A billion is equal to a thousand. S. If you use the long scale one billion is written with a one. To find the number of zeros in 1 trillion you just need to multiply the number by 1,000,000,000,000 to get 1,000,000,000,000. How many zeros are in 6 trillion? There are 15 zeros in the number 6,000,000,000,000,000 (6 trillion). There are, of course, many numbers between trillion and quadrillion, but it isn’t until quadrillion that that number value actually gets a new name. There are nine zeroes in a billion (or three groups of three zeroes). There are 15 zeros in a quadrillion. The number 1,000,000,000 is one billion, which is also written as {eq}10^9 {/eq}. [34] Mathematics – Known digits of π : As of March 2019 [update] , the number of known digits of π is 31,415,926,535,897 (the integer part of π × 10 13 ). If you want to write 100 trillion in words, then it will be written as `one hundred trillion` Therefore, 100 trillion. Now, my daughter lives 500 km away. That's in the US, but there is another definition that's sometimes used in Europe . In the United States, as in most countries, a billion corresponds to one thousand million, which is written as a one followed by nine zeros. If you use the long scale one billion is written with a one. According to the short scale 1, there are twelve zeroes in one trillion (1,000,000,000,000) According to the long scale 2, there are eighteen zeroes in one. It's important to note that the prefix. 1000 billions = 1 trillion. How many zeros are in 6 trillion? There are 15 zeros in the number 6,000,000,000,000,000 (6 trillion). How many zeros are in 6 trillion? There are 15 zeros in the number 6,000,000,000,000,000 (6 trillion). Short scale vs long scale. We know that one million has 6 zeros. We know that one thousand has 3 zeros. 12 zeros in 1,000,000,000,000 – 1 Lakh Crore / 1 Trillion; 13 zeros in 10,000,000,000,000 – 10 Lakh Crore / 10 Trillion; Therefore, there are 13 zeros (Rs 20 Lakh Crore = 10 Lakh Crore x 2) in Rs 20 Lakh Crore. How many zeros in 1 billion and how many zeros in 1 trillion? In the US, there are 9 zeros in a billion and 12 in a trillion. How many zeros does 250 trillion have? When we count zeros in 250 trillion above, we see that there are 13 zeros. If you use the long scale one billion is written with a one. In the US system, one trillion has 12 zeros. Click To Tweet How many Zeros in One Trillion? 1 trillion in figures equals 1000000000000, or 1,000,000,000,000 when written by thousand separators, which makes it easier to count the occurrences of 0. Increases or decreases in scale can quickly. It has 9 zeroes after the 1. The number suggested above is actually 1 Quadrillion. How. There is also a long scale, nowadays used in France, in which a billion means one million million. [34] Mathematics – Known digits of π : As of March 2019 [update] , the number of known digits of π is 31,415,926,535,897 (the integer part of π × 10 13 ). 5% of a trillion. The place value of a billion is always the 10 th digit from the right. One billion pennies stacked on top of each other would make a tower almost 870 miles high. One billion seconds is about 32 years. 000. Use the table in my respose to an earlier question to determine how many zeros are in 1 billion. A billionth of a metre is known as a nanometre (nm) which is equivalent to 10 -9 or 0. 12 zeros in 1,000,000,000,000 - 1 Lakh Crore / 1 Trillion 13 zeros in 10,000,000,000,000 - 10 Lakh Crore / 10 Trillion In Rs 20 Lakh Crore, therefore, there are 13 zeros (Rs 20 Lakh Crore = 10. There is also a long scale, nowadays used in France, in which a billion means one million million. So, if you divide one trillion by one billion, you get 1,000. So, to multiply 1 by one k you just need to add 3 zeros to the right of 1. Which means, 1 Trillion has 12 zeros. If you use the long scale one billion is written with a one. Counting the 0s in 200,000,000,000,000 is the easiest way to figure it out. This is the so also called short scale. Ten million has seven zeros (10,000,000). The Indian place value system has its own unique structure, enhancing the significance of place value. 11 is the answer to 1. Question : How Many Zeros in a Thousand ? Answer : There are 3 zeros in Thousand. 02 Indian Rupee. there are 12 zeros. How many zeros in 1. So, to multiply 8 by one billion you just need to add 9 zeros to the right of 8. 100 billion how many zeros 15 zeros 15 zeros equals 5 zeros is how. It helps track these multiples of 10 because the larger the number is, the more zeroes are needed. 500 trillion in figures equals 500000000000000, or 500,000,000,000,000 when written by thousand separators, which makes it easier to count the occurrences of 0. So it is a centillion. Just as there are 1,000 millions in a billion, there are 1,000 billions in a trillion. 5 million seconds in a year, 1. 9 billion (1 trillion / 1000 billion) 1. There’s so much more you could learn about the names of large numbers. 1 trillion is 1,000,000,000,000 14. If you use the long scale one billion is written with a one. 5 million you just need to multiply the number by 1,000,000 to get 7,500,000. Thus, we get: Zeros in 368 Trillion = 12. 1,000,000,000,000. That definition is 1 followed by 36 zeros. So, to multiply 14 by one billion you just need to add 9 zeros to the right of 14. How many zeros are in 6 trillion? There are 15 zeros in the number 6,000,000,000,000,000 (6 trillion). . 23 Trillion has how many Zeros? You already know the answer to the question 23 trillion has how many zeros?, but we are left with telling you how many 10, 100, 1000 et cetera there are in twenty. 7. This is the so also called short scale. There’d be ten-duotrigintillion of them! Counting to a googolplex would be even more. If you use the long scale one billion is written with a one. How many zeros are there in 1 billion x 1 billion? Use the same table to determine the name of 1 billion x 1 billion. These numbers are incredibly large and difficult for our brains to fully grasp. There is also a long scale, nowadays used in France, in which a billion means one million million. How Many Zeros Are in a Trillion? Now that you know how many zeros are in a billion, learning about the value of a. In the next part of how many zeros in thirty-three trillion, we show you how many 100 and 1000 there are in 33 trillion, and other related information. In the United States, as in most countries, a billion corresponds to one thousand million, which is written as a one followed by nine zeros. This is the so also called short scale. The largest number that can be written in standard form is googolplex, which has 10^100 zeros. Question : How Many Zeros in a Million ? Answer : There are 6 zeros in Million. How many zeros in ten billion trillion? Just multiply ten billion X 1 trillion. Number Conversion Calculator. How many zeros in a septillion? A septillion has 24 zeros. How many zeroes are in ten trillion? On the US short scale, there are 13 zeroes in ten trillion. 2 Trillion has how many Zeros? You already know the answer to the question 1. As we discussed in the definition of a trillion, one trillion is written as 1,000,000,000,000 in the International number system. 1 → 10 → 100 → 1,000. Million: Six zeroes. To find the number of zeros in 8 billion you just need to multiply the number by 1,000,000,000 to get 8,000,000,000. We know that one billion has 9 zeros. quintillion: Eighteen zeroes. e. 1,000,000,000,000. ---- Actually, this is six trillion -> 6,000,000,000,000 so there are actually 12 zeros in 6 trillion. e. Friends, In this video, you will know the number of zeros in a Million, Billion, Trillion, and More big numbers. There is also a long scale, nowadays used in France, in which a billion means one million million. This is the so also called short scale. This is the so also called short scale. In the United States, as in most countries, a billion corresponds to one thousand million, which is written as a one followed by nine zeros. If you use the long scale one billion is written with a one. The Last 'Zeroes' by CodeChum Admin How many zeroes are there after the last non-zero digit of a million? a trillion? To easily identify that, let us make a program to count and print the number of zeroes after the last non-zero digit of a number. By counting the number of zeros in 3,900,000,000 you will find that it has 8 zeros. 000 is one trillionNumbers Based on Groups of Three Zeros Name Number of Zeros Groups of (3) Zeros Hundred thousand 5 (100,000) Million 6 2 (1,000,000) Billion 9 3 (1,000,000,000) Trillion 12 4 (1,000,000,000,000) What is a number with 13 zeros called? Duodecillion Numbers Bigger Than a Trillion Name Number of Zeros Groups of (3). That’s a lot of zeroes! There are nine zeroes in a billion (or three groups of three zeroes). Short scale vs long scale. 5 zeros: Million: 1,000,000: 6 zeros: Billion: 1,000,000,000: 9 zeros: Trillion: 1,000,000,000,000: 12 zeros: Quadrillion: 1,000,000,000,000,000: 15 zeros: Quintillion:. These numbers are quintillion, sextillion, septillion, octillion, nonillion, and decillion. 0*10^12 (1. However, if you are referring to the United Kingdom, a billion has 12 zeros and a trillion has 18 zeros, so it would be 30 zeros. $1,000,000,000 is. and this is where most people get choked. To find the number of zeros in 31 trillion you just need to multiply the number by 1,000,000,000,000 to get 31,000,000,000,000. Details. 1e+12…How many zeros are there in a trillion? One trillion dollars is equivalent to a thousand billion, or million dollars multiplied by millions. 11 is the answer to 1. According to the long scale, on the other hand, the trillion was considered the power of a million. 5 trillion has how many zeros?In countries that use the "short scale" for naming integer multiples of ten, there are 12 zeros in a trillion. (Don't forget to write the comma, before each. We know that one million has 6 zeros. Short scale vs long scale. ---- Actually, this is six trillion -> 6,000,000,000,000 so there are actually 12 zeros in 6 trillion. In the US, there are 12, excluding the 2 zeroes past the decimal. 100 trillion in figures equals 100000000000000, or 100,000,000,000,000 when written by thousand separators, which makes it easier to count the occurrences of 0. 1. In the next part of how many zeros in forty-five trillion, we show you how many 100 and 1000 there are in 45 trillion, and other related information. In the United States, as in most countries, a billion corresponds to one thousand million, which is written as a one followed by nine zeros. This scale was used in the UK until 1974, but rarely since. Hence if we are looking at energy where the basic unit is a watt hour (Wh) then a trillion watt hours is known as a terawatt hour (TWh) which is equivalent to 10 12 or 1,000,000,000,000 watt hours. 5 trillion in figures equals 1500000000000, or 1,500,000,000,000 when written by thousand separators, which makes it easier to count the occurrences of 0. In the United States, as in most countries, a billion corresponds to one thousand million, which is written as a one followed by nine zeros. So, to multiply 140 by one million you just need to add 6 zeros to the right of 140. 31 trillion is written in e-notation as 31e12. The number 6 trillion trillion can represent two different numbers, because there are two scales in use. There are 9 zeros in 16,000,000,000 which is 16 billion How many zeros are in a billion and trillion? There are nine zeros in a billion (1,000,000,000) and twelve zeros in a trillion (1,000,000,000,000). In the United States, as in most countries, a billion corresponds to one thousand million, which is written as a one followed by nine zeros. If you use the long scale one billion is written with a one. 4 trillion in figures equals 1400000000000, or 1,400,000,000,000 when written by thousand separators, which makes it easier to count the occurrences of 0. If you want to write 30 trillion in words, then it will be written as `thirty trillion` Therefore, 30 trillion as a number is 30000000000000 and It has 13 zeros. How. 1. That’s a lot of zeroes!Short scale vs long scale. By counting the number of. How many zeros are in 6 trillion? There are 15 zeros in the number 6,000,000,000,000,000 (6 trillion). It is 10,000,000,000,000 or (1 x 1013).